What are the testicular tumors?

Testicular tumours: 

Testicular tumours can be divided into two categories:

1. Germ cell tumours
2. Sex-cord stromal tumours 

Germ cell tumours: 

Germ cell tumours are the most common cancers in men aged 15–35 years but comprise only 1–2% of all cancers. It again can be divided into the following types:

• Seminoma
• Non-seminoma:
• Choriocarcinomas
• Testicular teratomas
• Embryonal cell cancer
• Yolk sac tumours

Sex-cord stromal tumour:

• Leydig cell tumour: Commonest among sex cord tumours. It has the ability to produce both estrogen and testosterone.
• Tumours arising from the cells of Sertoli

Clinical features of testicular tumours:

• Testicular mass (Often incidental finding as it is usually painless, but it may be painful in some patients)
• Symptoms of metastases to the para-aortic LN with back pain
• Gynaecomastia (if the tumour is hCG secreting)

Investigations of testicular tumours:

• USG of the scrotum
• Tumour markers: α-fetoprotein (AFP), β-hCG, LDH
• A urinary pregnancy test for hCG
• CT or MRI: In the search for metastasis

Treatment of testicular tumours:

• Primary treatment is surgical orchidectomy
• Radiotherapy: For early stage of tumours
• Chemotherapy: Treatment of choice for advanced cancer